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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Breast Cancer-related Lymphedema
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Lymphedema: Diagnostic workup and management.

Ayman A Grada1, Tania J Phillips1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|November 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Lymphedema, a chronic swelling from impaired lymphatic drainage, is difficult to diagnose and has no cure. Management focuses on slowing progression and preventing complications.

Keywords:
cellulitiscompressionlymphedemamanagementskin care

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Vascular Biology
  • Clinical Medicine

Background:

  • Lymphedema is characterized by localized tissue swelling due to excessive lymphatic fluid retention in the interstitial space.
  • Impaired lymphatic drainage is the primary cause of lymphedema, a chronic and progressive condition.
  • Diagnosis can be challenging, particularly in obese individuals or those with concurrent venous diseases, due to its complex presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current literature on lymphedema diagnosis and management.
  • To identify challenges in diagnosing lymphedema.
  • To outline the current objectives for lymphedema management.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar.
  • English-language publications from 1966 to 2017 were included.
  • Relevant articles were identified using keywords such as 'lymphedema,' 'lymphedema management,' and 'lymphatic complications,' followed by manual review.

Main Results:

  • No standardized diagnostic guidelines for lymphedema currently exist.
  • The literature review highlighted diagnostic difficulties, especially in complex patient populations.
  • Current management strategies aim to control disease progression and mitigate complications.

Conclusions:

  • Lymphedema management focuses on limiting disease progression and preventing complications, as there is no known cure.
  • Standardized diagnostic criteria are needed to improve early and accurate identification of lymphedema.
  • Further research into effective lymphedema treatments is warranted.