Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Development and Standardization of an Ex Vivo Micromethod for Intracellular Quantification of Vincristine in Primary ALL Cells by LC-MS/MS
Published on: January 23, 2026
Urinary reference ranges and exposure profile for lithium among an Italian paediatric population
Carmela Protano1, Silvia Canepari2, Maria Luisa Astolfi2
1Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, P.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
Abstract:
The aims of the present study were to establish reference values useful in monitoring Lithium (Li) treatment and to trace environmental Li exposure profiles in paediatric age. A cross-sectional study was conducted on a group of healthy Italian children aged 5-11. Data on possible predictors were assessed through a questionnaire, and Li levels in morning and evening urinary samples were determined by ICP-MS technique. The reference intervals for the evening and morning samples were respectively 3.8-51.9μgL-1 or 5.6-60.6μgg-1 creatinine and 4.8-71.7μgL-1 or 4.8-73.2μgg-1 creatinine. Urinary Li levels showed a significantly inverse correlation with age and a positive correlation with urinary creatinine in both the evening and morning samples. No other studied variables influenced Li urinary excretion. These results, obtained using a readily available matrix as urine, can be useful for both environmental research and Li treatment monitoring.
More Related Videos
09:36In Situ Lithiated Reference Electrode: Four Electrode Design for In-operando Impedance Spectroscopy
Published on: September 12, 2018
10:38Observational Study Protocol for Repeated Clinical Examination and Critical Care Ultrasonography Within the Simple Intensive Care Studies
Published on: January 16, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution
Drug Dosing: Infants and Children
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism