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Smartphone based non-invasive salivary glucose biosensor.

Anuradha Soni1, Sandeep Kumar Jha1

  • 1Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India; Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|November 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary

A new non-invasive optical glucose biosensor uses saliva and a smartphone for rapid diabetes screening. This low-cost, disposable test strip offers a convenient alternative for widespread diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings.

Keywords:
Glucose biosensorNon-invasive biosensorOptical biosensorSaliva glucoseSmartphone based sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a global health concern requiring accessible diagnostic tools.
  • Current blood glucose monitoring methods can be invasive and costly.
  • Saliva offers a promising non-invasive alternative for glucose level assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a non-invasive optical glucose biosensor utilizing saliva and smartphone technology.
  • To fabricate a cost-effective and user-friendly device for glucose detection.
  • To establish the clinical utility and correlation of salivary glucose with blood glucose levels.

Main Methods:

  • Immobilization of glucose oxidase enzyme and a pH-responsive dye on a filter paper strip.
  • Colorimetric detection of glucose in saliva using RGB profiling via a smartphone camera.
  • Calibration using spiked saliva samples and clinical validation on healthy, prediabetic, and diabetic subjects.

Main Results:

  • The biosensor demonstrated good sensitivity, low interference, and a rapid response time of 20 seconds.
  • A linear detection range of 50-540 mg/dL was achieved with a sensitivity of 0.0012 pixels sec⁻¹/mg dL⁻¹ and LOD of 24.6 mg/dL.
  • Significant correlations were found between salivary and blood glucose levels (0.44 healthy, 0.64 prediabetic, 0.94 diabetic).

Conclusions:

  • The developed optical biosensor offers a viable, non-invasive method for glucose monitoring using saliva and a smartphone.
  • This technology has the potential for mass diabetes diagnosis, particularly in areas with limited healthcare access.
  • The low cost and ease of use make it suitable for widespread adoption and self-monitoring.