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Related Concept Videos

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis01:37

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis

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The response to stress—be it physical or psychological, acute or chronic—involves activation of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis. The HPA axis is part of the neuroendocrine system because it involves both neuronal and hormonal communication. Its function is to regulate homeostatic systems—metabolic, cardiovascular, and immune—providing the necessary means to respond to a stressor.
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Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

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IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document...
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Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

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Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
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Cancer Therapies02:49

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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
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Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

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Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of...
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis
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Preparation of Mouse Pituitary Immunogen for the Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Hypophysitis

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Review on Recent Topics in Hypophysitis.

Hitoshi Sugihara1

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Nippon Medical School.

Journal of Nippon Medical School = Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi
|November 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Lymphocytic hypophysitis diagnosis requires imaging, immunology, and biopsy. New biomarkers and understanding immune links, like with ipilimumab, are key for better treatment and prognosis.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Immunology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Lymphocytic hypophysitis (LYH) is an uncommon but significant pituitary disorder.
  • Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment and patient outcomes.
  • Increasing evidence links autoimmune processes to LYH pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review diagnostic approaches for lymphocytic hypophysitis.
  • To highlight recent advancements in understanding the immunological basis of LYH.
  • To discuss the implications of immune checkpoint inhibitors on hypophysitis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of diagnostic modalities including imaging, immunological assays, and pituitary biopsy.
  • Analysis of recent literature on autoimmune markers and their association with LYH.
Keywords:
Pit-1Rabphilinhypophysitisimmune checkpoint blockade

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  • Examination of case studies and research on immune-related adverse events from cancer therapies.

    • Main Results:

    • Anti-Rabphilin antibody identified as a potential biomarker for lymphocytic infundibulo-neurohypophysitis.
    • Similarities noted between LYH and other immunological disorders like anti-Pit-1 antibody syndrome.
    • Immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as ipilimumab, can induce anti-CTLA-4-related hypophysitis.

    Conclusions:

    • Integrated diagnostic approaches are essential for optimal lymphocytic hypophysitis management.
    • Further research into immunological mechanisms is needed to develop targeted therapies.
    • Understanding immune-related hypophysitis is critical for managing patients on novel cancer treatments.