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A Microfluidic-based Electrochemical Biochip for Label-free DNA Hybridization Analysis
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Hexavalent Chromium as an Electrocatalyst in DNA Sensing.

Hamid R Lotfi Zadeh Zhad1, Rebecca Y Lai1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska 68588-0304, United States.

Analytical Chemistry
|November 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is a novel electrocatalyst for DNA sensing. This method enhances detection sensitivity and enables simultaneous signal-on and signal-off measurements for improved biosensor performance.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Biosensing
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Electrochemical DNA sensors offer sensitive detection but can be limited by signal-off mechanisms.
  • Developing new electrocatalysts is crucial for enhancing biosensor performance and expanding detection capabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) as a novel electrocatalyst for electrochemical DNA sensing.
  • To investigate the impact of DNA probe conformation on Cr(VI) accessibility and electrocatalytic activity.
  • To enable simultaneous "signal-on" and "signal-off" detection strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized stem-loop and linear DNA probes immobilized on sensor surfaces.
  • Employed cyclic voltammetry (CV) and alternating current voltammetry (ACV) for electrochemical interrogation.
  • Investigated the effect of target hybridization on Cr(VI) accessibility to methylene blue labels.

Main Results:

  • Cr(VI) electrocatalysis enhanced current upon target hybridization due to altered probe accessibility.
  • Achieved simultaneous "signal-on" (CV) and "signal-off" (ACV) detection.
  • Improved the limit of detection by one order of magnitude.
  • Maintained sensor reusability and high selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is an effective electrocatalyst for DNA biosensing.
  • The accessibility-based electrocatalytic strategy enhances sensitivity and enables dual-mode detection.
  • This versatile approach holds potential for various folding- and dynamics-based electrochemical biosensors.