Jove
Visualize
Contact Us

Related Concept Videos

Wood Products01:21

Wood Products

320
Wood products encompass a broad range of materials crafted from wood strands, veneers, lumber, and even waste wood-like shreds, designed for both structural and nonstructural purposes. Various specialized wood products have been developed to enhance strength, durability, and versatility in building applications.
Glue-laminated wood, often referred to as glulam, combines multiple smaller pieces of dimensional lumber using adhesives to form a single, larger piece. Cross-laminated timber consists...
320
Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process01:10

Hydrolysis of Chlorobenzene to Phenol: Dow Process

4.1K
Simple aryl halides do not react with nucleophiles under normal conditions. However, the reaction can proceed under drastic conditions involving high temperatures and high pressure to give the substituted products. For example, chlorobenzene is converted to phenol using aqueous sodium hydroxide at 350 °C under high pressure by the Dow process. The reaction follows an elimination-addition mechanism involving a benzyne intermediate. Here, the chloride ion is...
4.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanical Properties of Composite Core Build-Up Materials: A Comparative Study.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Ruthenium-Based Defective MOFs as Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Formate.

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering·2026
Same author

Antimicrobial Materials Used in Coating Dental Implant Surfaces: State of the Art and Future Prospectives.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Bio-based dispersion coating designed for enhanced functionality, recyclability and economic feasibility.

Bioresource technology·2026
Same author

Recent research progress in supercritical water gasification of biomass for hydrogen production.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2025
Same author

Phosphorylation-assisted cell wall engineering enables ultra-strong, highly ion-conductive bio-membranes for high-power salinity gradient energy harvesting.

Materials horizons·2025
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield
10:18

Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Published on: January 7, 2019

22.1K

Sustainable Bio-Based Phenol-Formaldehyde Resoles Using Hydrolytically Depolymerized Kraft Lignin.

Homaira Siddiqui1, Nubla Mahmood2, Zhongshun Yuan3

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Western University, London, Ontario N6A 5B9, Canada. hsiddiq5@gmail.com.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|November 17, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Bio-based phenol-formaldehyde (BPF) resins were developed using depolymerized Kraft lignin to replace phenol. Optimized lignin properties and formaldehyde-to-phenol ratios significantly reduce curing temperatures for sustainable BPF resin production.

Keywords:
Kraft lignincuring temperaturedepolymerized Kraft ligninoptimizationphenol-formaldehyde resoles

More Related Videos

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
11:26

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

Published on: June 17, 2014

17.1K
Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Produce Renewable Fiberboards
07:21

Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Produce Renewable Fiberboards

Published on: January 27, 2021

7.1K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield
10:18

Extraction of Lignin with High β-O-4 Content by Mild Ethanol Extraction and Its Effect on the Depolymerization Yield

Published on: January 7, 2019

22.1K
Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation
11:26

Towards Biomimicking Wood: Fabricated Free-standing Films of Nanocellulose, Lignin, and a Synthetic Polycation

Published on: June 17, 2014

17.1K
Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Produce Renewable Fiberboards
07:21

Twin-Screw Extrusion Process to Produce Renewable Fiberboards

Published on: January 27, 2021

7.1K

Area of Science:

  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Sustainable Materials Science
  • Biomass Valorization

Background:

  • Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) resins are widely used thermosetting polymers.
  • There is a growing demand for sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based chemicals.
  • Lignin, a byproduct of the pulp and paper industry, is a potential bio-based substitute for phenol.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize bio-based phenol-formaldehyde (BPF) resoles using Kraft lignin as a partial phenol substitute.
  • To investigate the influence of lignin properties and formulation ratios on BPF resin curing behavior.
  • To determine optimal conditions for achieving low curing temperatures in lignin-modified PF resins.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation of bio-based phenol-formaldehyde (BPF) resoles by partially substituting phenol with hydrolytically depolymerized Kraft lignin (DKL).
  • Systematic variation of phenol substitution ratio, DKL weight-average molecular weight (Mw), and formaldehyde-to-phenol (F/P) ratio.
  • Analysis of curing temperatures under different formulation parameters.

Main Results:

  • DKL with Mw ~ 1200 g/mol enabled curing below 180 °C across all substitution levels, contingent on controlled F/P ratios.
  • Lignin incorporation generally reduced resin curing temperatures, but higher Mw DKL adversely impacted the curing process.
  • Lower F/P ratios increased curing temperature at lower phenol substitution levels; higher F/P ratios decreased curing temperature at 25% and 50% substitution.

Conclusions:

  • Partially substituting phenol with specific DKL (Mw ~ 1200 g/mol) is feasible for producing BPF resoles with reduced curing temperatures.
  • Phenol substitution levels significantly influence the impact of F/P ratio and DKL Mw on curing behavior.
  • Increasing phenol substitution to 75% broadens the range of DKL Mw suitable for achieving low-temperature curing.