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Impact Strength of Concrete

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Impact strength in concrete is a critical measure that reflects the material's capability to endure the forces applied during pile driving and when supporting machinery foundations that experience impulsive loads. It is also essential when handling precast concrete components to prevent accidental damage. The impact strength is assessed by observing the concrete's resistance to repeated impacts and energy absorption capacity. A key indicator of significant damage to concrete is when it...
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Considering the tensile strength of concrete involves recognizing that the theoretical strength of cement paste can be up to a thousand times higher than what is observed in practical applications. This significant discrepancy is largely attributed to the presence of microscopic cracks within the concrete. These cracks tend to amplify stress at their tips when a load is applied, a phenomenon explained by Griffith's theory of brittle fracture.
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Fiber-reinforced concrete significantly enhances the structural and nonstructural properties of traditional concrete by incorporating fibers like steel, glass, and polymers. These fibers, varying from natural ones such as sisal and cellulose to manufactured ones like polypropylene and Kevlar, are mixed into hydraulic cement with aggregates. Steel fibers, often preferred for their robustness, contribute to improved ductility, toughness, and post-cracking performance. The concrete is classified...
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Concrete exhibits specific behaviors under different compressive loads. Understanding this is crucial for understanding its structural integrity. When concrete undergoes uniaxial compression, it tends to develop cracks that run parallel to the direction of the force. These parallel cracks stem from localized tensile stresses that occur perpendicular to the compression direction. Additionally, angled cracks may appear due to the formation of shear planes.
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Updated: May 5, 2026

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Fiber Composite Laminate Quality with the Wet Hand Lay-Up/Vacuum Bag Process
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Mechanical Properties of Composite Core Build-Up Materials: A Comparative Study.

Emily Mundy1, Sanaya V Engineer1, Sheila Butler1

  • 1Division of Restorative Dentistry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

CosmeCore DC Automix (CCC) and Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative (BFO) show superior mechanical and physical properties for dental core build-up procedures. These resin-based materials offer favorable flexural strength and resilience compared to others tested.

Keywords:
bulk fill compositecore build-up materialsdual-cure resinmechanical propertiessolubilitywater sorption

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Area of Science:

  • Dental Materials Science
  • Restorative Dentistry
  • Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

  • Core build-up materials are crucial for restoring tooth structure after decay or fracture.
  • Evaluating mechanical and physical properties is essential for selecting optimal materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the flexural strength, modulus, resilience, water sorption, and solubility of different resin-based core build-up materials.
  • To identify the most suitable materials for dental core build-up procedures based on performance.

Main Methods:

  • Three dual-cure resins and two bulk fill composites were tested according to ISO 4049 standards.
  • Mechanical properties (flexural strength, modulus, resilience) and physical properties (water sorption, solubility) were evaluated.
  • Statistical analysis using one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests was performed.

Main Results:

  • CosmeCore DC Automix (CCC) demonstrated the highest flexural strength and lowest water sorption.
  • Filtek One Bulk Fill Restorative (BFO) exhibited the highest modulus of resilience.
  • Filtek Bulk Fill Flowable (BFF) showed the lowest flexural modulus, while Filtek Supreme Ultra (FSU) had the lowest flexural strength and highest water sorption.

Conclusions:

  • Significant variations exist in the mechanical and physical properties of tested core build-up materials.
  • CCC and BFO presented the most favorable performance profiles.
  • These findings suggest CCC and BFO are suitable candidates for core build-up applications.