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Trial Watch: Adoptively transferred cells for anticancer immunotherapy
Carole Fournier1,2, François Martin1,2, Laurence Zitvogel3,4,5,6
1INSERM, U1231, Dijon, France.
Oncoimmunology
|November 18, 2017
Summary
Adoptive cell transfer (ACT) immunotherapy, using expanded immune cells, shows promise for advanced cancers. Genetically engineered T-cells, like CAR T-cells, are advancing cancer treatment, particularly for B-cell malignancies.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Immunotherapies are rapidly advancing, with adoptive cell transfer (ACT) showing significant promise.
- Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have demonstrated benefits in advanced melanoma patients, driving further research in ACT.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize recent clinical advances in ACT-based immunotherapies for oncological indications.
- To highlight the development of ACT for non-hematological neoplasms.
Main Methods:
- ACT involves ex vivo expansion and activation of autologous or allogenic effector lymphocytes.
- Lymphocytes can be genetically engineered to target specific tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) or enhance efficacy.
- ACT may be combined with chemotherapy or other immunotherapeutics to improve cell persistence and function.
Main Results:
- Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy targeting CD19 has shown clinical efficacy in B-cell malignancies.
- CAR T-cell therapy (CTL019) received FDA 'breakthrough therapy' designation for B-cell malignancies.
- Significant efforts are underway to develop ACT for non-hematological cancers.
Conclusions:
- ACT-based immunotherapies represent a growing and promising field in cancer treatment.
- Genetic engineering of immune cells, such as CAR T-cells, is a key strategy for improving cancer therapy.
- Further development of ACT is crucial for expanding its application to a wider range of cancers.
