Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 18, 2026
Measuring Carbon Content in Airway Macrophages Exposed to Carbon-Containing Particulate Matters
Published on: July 12, 2024
Carbonaceous particulate matter on the lung surface from adults living in São Paulo, Brazil
Michele Galhardoni Padovan1,2, Abigail Whitehouse1, Nelson Gouveia3
1Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute of Cell and Molecular Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
Objectives:
We therefore sought to identify the exposures associated with lung surface in long-term residents of São Paulo, Brazil.
Methods:
Lung surface carbon were analyzed in 72 autopsy specimens by image analysis. Smoking history, measured PM10 nearest to the home, distance to main road, and distance-weighted traffic density were used as exposure variables. Data are summarized as median (IQR), and compared by Mann Whitney Test, with correlations done by Spearman's correlation.
Results:
There was no association between lung surface and age or gender. There was no statistically significant association in lung surface between smokers and non-smokers 6.74 cm2 (3.47 to 10.02) versus 5.20cm2 (2.29 to 7.54), and there was no significant association between lung surface carbon and exposure to environmental PM and markers of traffic exposure.
Conclusion:
We did not find a statistically significant association between lung surface and smokers and non-smokers, and no statistically significant association between lung surface carbon and environmental exposure variables. These results suggest that lung surface carbon in long-term residents of São Paulo may predominately be from environmental PM, but the most appropriate environmental exposure marker remains unclear.
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