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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

A Two-Step Method for Percutaneous Transhepatic Choledochoscopic Lithotomy
Published on: September 13, 2022
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy: complications and how to deal with them
Daniel A Wollin1, Glenn M Preminger2
1Comprehensive Kidney Stone Center, Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, 40 Duke Medicine Circle, Room 1573, White Zone, Durham, NC, 27710, USA. daniel.wollin@duke.edu.
Abstract:
Percutaneous nephrolithotomy is a common surgical treatment for large and complex stones within the intrarenal collecting system. A wide variety of complications can result from this procedure, including bleeding, injury to surrounding structures, infection, positioning-related injuries, thromboembolic disease, and even death. Knowledge of the different types of complications can be useful in order to prevent, diagnose, and treat these problems if they occur. This review describes the diversity of complications with the goal of improving their avoidance and treatment.
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