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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

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Conversion, Factitious Disorder and Malingering: A Distinct Pattern or a Continuum?

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    This summary is machine-generated.

    Conversion disorder involves unintentional neurological symptoms, distinct from factitious disorder and malingering, which are voluntary. Recent findings clarify diagnosis and management of these conditions, often presenting as medically unexplained symptoms.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Psychiatry
    • Neuroscience

    Background:

    • Medically unexplained symptoms are common, presenting diagnostic challenges for practitioners.
    • Conversion disorder, factitious disorder, and malingering are frequently confounded due to overlapping historical and clinical features.
    • These conditions account for a significant portion of neurological consultations.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review recent advancements in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of conversion disorder, factitious disorder, and malingering.
    • To differentiate between these conditions, particularly conversion disorder (unintentional) and the voluntary presentations of factitious disorder and malingering.
    • To highlight the importance of clinical signs and neuroimaging in understanding conversion disorder.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of recent literature on conversion disorder, factitious disorder, and malingering.
    • Emphasis on clinical bedside signs, such as Hoover's sign, for diagnosing conversion disorder.
    • Discussion of functional neuroimaging findings related to cerebral activation patterns in conversion disorder.

    Main Results:

    • Positive clinical signs, like Hoover's sign, are crucial for diagnosing conversion disorder.
    • Functional neuroimaging reveals distinct cerebral activation patterns in conversion disorder compared to malingering.
    • Multidisciplinary treatment, including cognitive behavioral therapy and physiotherapy, is recommended for conversion disorder.

    Conclusions:

    • Conversion disorder (functional neurological disorder) is distinct from factitious disorder and malingering.
    • Factitious disorder requires further research into its pathophysiology and treatment, recognizing it as a mental illness.
    • Malingering is a non-medical issue typically seen in medico-legal contexts.