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Visual Classical Conditioning in Wood Ants
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Riding with the ants.

A P M Duarte1, D Attili-Angelis1,2, N C Baron1

  • 1Institute of Biosciences, UNESP - Univ. Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, Center for the Study of Social Insects.

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|November 21, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fungi from the Teratosphaeriaceae family are common on attine ants. This study identifies new fungal species and genera, Xenopenidiella, Penidiellomyces, and Simplicidiella, from Brazilian leaf-cutting ants.

Keywords:
Attini tribeXenopenidiellaleaf-cutting antsmulti-gene analysessystematics

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Entomology
  • Fungal Taxonomy

Background:

  • Teratosphaeriaceae fungi are frequently isolated from attine ant integument, indicating their prevalence and diversity in this niche.
  • Previous studies have shown diverse fungal communities associated with ants, but the specific taxonomy of Teratosphaeriaceae on attine ants requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To phylogenetically analyze and taxonomically describe Teratosphaeriaceae fungi isolated from attine ants.
  • To introduce new genera and species within the Teratosphaeriaceae family based on molecular and morphological data.

Main Methods:

  • Phylogenetic analysis using the Large Subunit (LSU) ribosomal RNA gene.
  • Species-level phylogenetic analysis utilizing Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), *cmdA*, *tef1*, and *tub2* gene regions.
  • Morphological characterization of fungal isolates.

Main Results:

  • Phylogenetic analysis revealed two main lineages of ant-isolated Teratosphaeriaceae, one associated with *Xenopenidiella* and another leading to the new genus *Penidiellomyces*.
  • Six new species of *Xenopenidiella*, one new species of *Penidiellopsis*, and one new genus and species, *Simplicidiella nigra*, were described.
  • The study identified novel fungal species on the integument of leaf-cutting ants from Brazil, including *Penidiellopsis ramosus*, *Xenopenidiella clavata*, *X. formica*, *X. inflata*, *X. laevigata*, *X. nigrescens*, *X. tarda*, and *Simplicidiella nigra*.

Conclusions:

  • The study expands the known diversity of Teratosphaeriaceae associated with attine ants, establishing new genera and species.
  • *Beta-tubulin* is recommended as a primary barcode for species distinction in *Penidiellopsis*, while ITS is sufficient for *Xenopenidiella* species.
  • This research provides a robust taxonomic framework for understanding the fungal symbionts of attine ants.