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Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Inhibitors of Renin-Angiotensin System01:26

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The activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) contributes to cardiac remodeling, and inhibiting the RAAS is a pharmacological target in heart failure management. As a result, neurohumoral modulation is a crucial treatment principle for managing heart failure. This approach involves using medications like ACE inhibitors (ACEIs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs), and neutral...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Heart Failure Drugs: Diuretics01:22

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Heart failure and kidney perfusion are interconnected in a complex way. Reduced renal perfusion and venous congestion are two significant factors that contribute to renal dysfunction in heart failure. The kidneys, primarily responsible for fluid balance in the body, are adversely affected due to compromised cardiac output and increased venous pressure. In response to reduced renal perfusion, the kidneys activate neurohumoral mechanisms to restore balance. However, these mechanisms can be...
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Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Coronary Progenitor Cells and Soluble Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Prognosis after Coronary Angioplasty
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Soluble ST2 in Heart Failure.

Cian P McCarthy1, James L Januzzi2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.

Heart Failure Clinics
|November 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (sST2) inhibits heart-protective IL-33, worsening heart failure. Measuring sST2 aids in assessing heart failure severity and prognosis.

Keywords:
Heart failureNovel cardiac biomarkersPrognosisRisk stratificationST2

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) is an IL-1 receptor family member involved in inflammation.
  • ST2's role is increasingly recognized in cardiovascular disease.
  • The soluble form of ST2 (sST2) acts as a decoy receptor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of soluble ST2 in acute and chronic heart failure.
  • To discuss sST2 as a biomarker for heart failure severity and prognosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on ST2 and heart failure.
  • Analysis of the inhibitory mechanism of sST2 on IL-33.
  • Examination of clinical utility of sST2 measurements.

Main Results:

  • Soluble ST2 inhibits the cardioprotective effects of IL-33.
  • This inhibition leads to cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction.
  • Elevated sST2 levels correlate with heart failure severity and poor prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • Soluble ST2 plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of heart failure.
  • Measurement of sST2 is a valuable tool for managing heart failure patients.
  • Targeting the IL-33/ST2 pathway may offer therapeutic potential.