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Related Concept Videos

Mitochondria01:37

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Obesity01:24

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion01:20

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Metabolism and Excretion

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Drug metabolism, a critical process in the liver, involves two primary phases: Phase I reactions and Phase II conjugation. Obesity introduces significant alterations in this metabolic process, primarily due to fatty infiltration of the liver, leading to conditions such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition can modify the activities of both Phase I and II enzymes, impacting how drugs are metabolized in obese patients.Phase I metabolism sees variable effects across...
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Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

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The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
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Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

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Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
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Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
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Mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity.

Aline Haas de Mello1, Ana Beatriz Costa1, Jéssica Della Giustina Engel1

  • 1Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Southern Santa Catarina at Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Life Sciences
|November 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity causes inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction throughout the body. These changes affect peripheral tissues and the central nervous system, impacting cellular health.

Keywords:
ApoptosisInflammationMitochondrial dysfunctionObesityOxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Obesity is linked to systemic inflammation and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
  • This can lead to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in peripheral tissues.
  • Emerging evidence suggests obesity also impacts the central nervous system (CNS), including the blood-brain barrier (BBB).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted role of mitochondrial dysfunction in obesity.
  • To explore associated alterations like inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis.
  • To focus on systemic effects, encompassing peripheral tissues and the CNS.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on obesity, inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Analysis of research examining CNS alterations in obese models.
  • Synthesis of findings related to apoptosis and cellular damage.

Main Results:

  • Obesity induces inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction.
  • Excess nutrients overwhelm metabolic pathways, increasing ROS and exacerbating oxidative stress.
  • Obesity is associated with BBB alterations and changes in brain regions like the hypothalamus and hippocampus.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key consequence of obesity, contributing to cellular damage.
  • Obesity-related cellular changes extend to the CNS, affecting brain structure and function.
  • Understanding these systemic effects is crucial for addressing obesity-related health complications.