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Lipodystrophy among HIV-Infected Patients Attending Care and Treatment Clinics in Dar es Salaam

Marina Njelekela1, Rose Mpembeni2, Alfa Muhihi3

  • 1Department of Physiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O. Box 65001, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

AIDS Research and Treatment
|November 22, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Lipodystrophy affects 20.4% of HIV patients in Tanzania, particularly males and those on long-term HAART. Early screening and management are crucial for addressing this condition and its impact on patient well-being.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Metabolic Disorders
  • Public Health

Background:

  • HIV infection and its treatment, highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), can lead to metabolic and morphological changes.
  • Lipodystrophy, a condition characterized by abnormal fat distribution, is a known complication associated with HIV and HAART.
  • Understanding the prevalence and risk factors of lipodystrophy in specific populations is crucial for effective patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence and types of lipodystrophy among HIV-infected adults in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
  • To identify sociodemographic and clinical risk factors associated with lipodystrophy in this population.
  • To assess the impact of lipodystrophy on patients' body image and social interactions.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 466 HIV-infected patients attending a care and treatment center (CTC).
  • Data collection through structured questionnaires covering sociodemographic and clinical information.
  • Clinical diagnosis of lipodystrophy was performed by physicians.

Main Results:

  • Lipodystrophy was diagnosed in 95 (20.4%) participants.
  • Lipoatrophy was the most common form (49.5%), followed by mixed lipodystrophy (37.9%) and lipohypertrophy (12.6%).
  • Male gender, older age, longer duration on HAART, and use of Stavudine-containing regimens were significant risk factors (p < 0.05).
  • Male participants had 1.6 times the risk, while those on HAART had 13.3 times the risk of lipodystrophy.
  • Lipodystrophy was linked to poor body image perception and reduced social interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Lipodystrophy is a prevalent complication among HIV-infected patients in Tanzania, particularly affecting males and those on extended HAART.
  • The findings underscore the need for regular screening and monitoring of lipodystrophy in HIV-infected individuals.
  • Patient education and timely intervention are essential for managing lipodystrophy and mitigating its psychosocial effects.
Abstract

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