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    Housing development near protected areas harms biodiversity. Increased housing density within protected areas boosts urban-adapted birds while reducing species of greatest conservation need across the U.S.

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    Area of Science:

    • Conservation Science
    • Avian Ecology
    • Urban Ecology

    Background:

    • Protected areas are vital for biodiversity conservation.
    • Amenities within protected areas can drive housing development on adjacent lands.
    • This development may impact wildlife within protected areas.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the effects of housing development on avian communities within U.S. protected areas.
    • To quantify impacts based on housing density and land cover.
    • To analyze these effects across six ecological regions.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized North American Breeding Bird Survey data and U.S. Census Bureau housing density data (year 2000).
    • Classified birds into three guilds: Species of Greatest Conservation Need, land cover affiliates, and synanthropes.
    • Employed single- and multiple-variable analyses to assess relationships between housing density, land cover, and avian guilds.

    Main Results:

    • Housing density within protected areas positively correlated with synanthropes and negatively with Species of Greatest Conservation Need.
    • These effects were most pronounced in eastern forests and central grasslands.
    • Housing density outside protected areas also impacted avian guilds, but to a lesser extent than internal development.

    Conclusions:

    • Housing development, both inside and outside protected areas, significantly alters avian community structure.
    • Conservation strategies must consider the impact of surrounding development on protected area biodiversity.
    • Mitigating housing expansion within protected areas is crucial for conserving vulnerable species.