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Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.8K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Osmosis01:30

Osmosis

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Osmosis is the movement of free water molecules through a semipermeable membrane.  The water's concentration gradient across the membrane is inversely proportional to the solutes' concentration. Whereas diffusion transports material across membranes and within cells, osmosis transports only water across a membrane, and the membrane limits the diffusion of solutes in the water. Osmosis is a special case of diffusion.
Water, like other substances, moves from a high concentration of...
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Osmosis00:47

Osmosis

196.6K
Approximately 60% to 95% of the weight of living organisms is attributed to water. Therefore, maintaining appropriate water balance within cells is of paramount importance. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane, such as a cell’s plasma membrane. In living organisms, water plays a crucial role as a solvent—a molecule that dissolves other molecules.
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The Diffusion of Passive Tracers in Laminar Shear Flow
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Diffusiophoresis in one-dimensional solute gradients.

Jesse T Ault1, Patrick B Warren, Sangwoo Shin

  • 1Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA. aultjt@ornl.gov.

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Summary

This study explores colloidal particle movement in solute gradients using numerical and analytical methods. Results enhance understanding of particle injection and withdrawal into pores, informing application design.

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Transport Phenomena
  • Computational Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Diffusiophoresis is a key mechanism for colloidal particle transport in solute gradients.
  • Understanding particle dynamics in porous media is crucial for various applications.
  • Existing models often simplify complex particle-solute interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To solve the diffusiophoretic motion of suspended colloidal particles under 1D solute gradients.
  • To develop similarity solutions for particle injection and withdrawal into semi-infinite pores.
  • To present a diffusion-free particle transport model using the method of characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical and analytical techniques were employed to solve diffusiophoretic motion.
  • Similarity solutions were developed for injection and withdrawal dynamics.
  • A method of characteristics formulation was integrated for particle trajectory analysis.

Main Results:

  • Analytical solutions were derived for small particle diffusiophoretic mobility relative to solute diffusivity.
  • Results confirmed the formation of local maxima and minima in particle front dynamics.
  • The method of characteristics accurately predicted particle motion and front position, but not concentrations at sharp gradients.

Conclusions:

  • Solute gradients can significantly enhance particle injection and withdrawal from pores.
  • The method of characteristics is a valuable tool for predicting particle transport, with limitations at sharp gradients.
  • Findings provide insights for designing applications utilizing diffusiophoresis in porous media.