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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Synthesis of pH Dependent Pyrazole, Imidazole, and Isoindolone Dipyrrinone Fluorophores using a Claisen-Schmidt Condensation Approach
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Rh-Catalyzed Conversion of 3-Diazoindolin-2-imines to 5H-Pyrazino[2,3-b]indoles with Photoluminescent Properties
Hualong Ding1, Zaibin Wang1, Songlin Bai1
1Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310027, P. R. China.
Abstract:
A rhodium-catalyzed reaction between 3-diazoindolin-2-imines and 2H-azirines, followed by treatment with a base, furnishes 5H-pyrazino[2,3-b]indoles in excellent yields. A number of functional groups tolerate the reaction conditions, and the resulting 5H-pyrazino[2,3-b]indoles present strong photoluminecence in solutions, powders, and films.
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