Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Equilibrium and Balance01:15

Equilibrium and Balance

6.8K
The inner ear assumes dual functionalities of auditory perception and equilibrium maintenance. The vestibule is the organ responsible for balance. This organ contains mechanoreceptors, specifically hair cells, endowed with stereocilia, which aid in deciphering information regarding the position and motion of our heads. Two intrinsic components, the utricle and saccule, help perceive head position, while the semicircular canals track head movement. Neurological messages initiated in the...
6.8K
Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

3.0K
Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
3.0K
The Vestibular System01:29

The Vestibular System

44.1K
The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.
44.1K
Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

4.7K
The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
4.7K
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

1.6K
Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
1.6K
Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

Indirect Motor Pathways

3.7K
The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
The vestibulospinal tract originates in the vestibular nuclei of the brainstem. The vestibular system detects changes in...
3.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

End-of-life challenges in neuro-oncological patient care: A survey from the Junge Neuroonkologische Arbeitsgemeinschaft.

Neuro-oncology practice·2026
Same author

Cardiac dysfunction after acute ischaemic stroke: Long-term outcomes from the SICFAIL cohort.

International journal of cardiology. Heart & vasculature·2026
Same author

Phosphorylated mTOR immunohistochemistry-guided use of temsirolimus in recurrent IDH-wildtype glioblastoma: a real-world retrospective series.

Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology·2026
Same author

Regrowth Patterns in Glioblastoma-Survival and Predictors.

Cancer medicine·2026
Same author

Correction: Matched-pair analysis of motor outcomes in adults with spinal muscular atrophy on nusinersen vs. risdiplam.

Journal of neurology·2026
Same author

Treatment-free remission in MS: long-term disease control with cladribine tablets.

Journal of neurology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm
06:30

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2020

6.2K

Cerebral gray matter changes in persistent postural perceptual dizziness.

Sebastian Wurthmann1, Steffen Naegel1, Benedict Schulte Steinberg1

  • 1Department of Neurology and Dizziness, Vertigo Center Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Germany.

Journal of Psychosomatic Research
|November 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is linked to reduced gray matter volume in key brain areas. Longer disease duration correlates with more significant gray matter alterations in PPPD patients.

Keywords:
Chronic subjective dizzinessFunctional vestibular disorderPersistent postural perceptual dizzinessPhobic postural vertigoVoxel-based morphometry

More Related Videos

Estimating Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Using a Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Motion Platform
06:31

Estimating Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Using a Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: August 4, 2022

3.7K
Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

570

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm
06:30

Assessment of Static Graviceptive Perception in the Roll-Plane using the Subjective Visual Vertical Paradigm

Published on: April 28, 2020

6.2K
Estimating Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Using a Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Motion Platform
06:31

Estimating Vestibular Perceptual Thresholds Using a Six-Degree-Of-Freedom Motion Platform

Published on: August 4, 2022

3.7K
Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane
07:24

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

570

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Vestibular Disorders

Background:

  • Persistent postural perceptual dizziness (PPPD) is a common vestibular disorder in middle-aged individuals.
  • Multisensory maladjustment, affecting vestibular, visual, and motion stimuli processing, is a suspected cause of PPPD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate regional gray matter changes in patients with PPPD.
  • To identify potential neuroanatomical correlates of PPPD pathophysiology.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
  • Comparison of 42 PPPD patients with age- and gender-matched healthy controls.
  • Adherence to current Bárány Society diagnostic criteria for PPPD.

Main Results:

  • PPPD patients exhibited decreased gray matter volume in the temporal cortex, cingulate cortex, precentral gyrus, hippocampus, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, caudate nucleus, and cerebellum.
  • A negative correlation was found between disease duration and gray matter volume in the visual cortex, supplementary motor area, and somatosensory processing regions.

Conclusions:

  • Gray matter volume reduction in multisensory vestibular processing areas is observed in PPPD.
  • These affected brain regions are consistent with those found in other vestibular disorders.
  • Prolonged disease duration in PPPD is associated with more pronounced gray matter alterations, suggesting maladaptive changes.