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Brain Waves

Brain Waves

Brain waves are electrical signals generated by the neurons in the brain, which are regularly monitored to measure mental activities. Brain waves and their frequency ranges can be measured using an electroencephalogram or EEG. There are four main types of brain waves, each with distinct characteristics:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

Alpha Oscillations Reduce Temporal Long-Range Dependence in Spontaneous Human Brain Activity.

Robert Becker¹, Dimitri Van de Ville^2,3, Andreas Kleinschmidt⁴

¹Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University Hospital and University of Geneva, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland, email@robertbecker.info.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience

|November 24, 2017

Summary

Alpha oscillations actively regulate long-range dependence (LRD) in brain activity. Increased alpha power shortens LRD, suggesting a mechanism for adaptive control of neural processes.

Keywords:

alpha oscillations scale-freeness

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Optogenetic Entrainment of Hippocampal Theta Oscillations in Behaving Mice

Published on: June 29, 2018

Evaluation of Hemisphere Lateralization with Bilateral Local Field Potential Recording in Secondary Motor Cortex of Mice

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Published on: July 31, 2019

Automatic Detection of Highly Organized Theta Oscillations in the Murine EEG

Automatic Detection of Highly Organized Theta Oscillations in the Murine EEG

Published on: March 10, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Computational Neuroscience
Brain Dynamics

Background:

Ongoing neural activity features both oscillations and broadband properties like long-range dependence (LRD).
The interaction between these features, particularly alpha oscillations (8-12 Hz) and LRD, is poorly understood.
Alpha oscillations are implicated in inhibitory gating, potentially influencing LRD.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the interaction between alpha oscillations and long-range dependence in ongoing human brain activity.
To determine if alpha oscillations modulate the temporal width of LRD in slower brain activity.
To explore the regulatory role of alpha oscillations in neural dynamics.

Main Methods:

Analysis of two independent resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) datasets.
Examined the covariation between alpha power and the power slope of slower frequencies (<5 Hz) across space and time.
Employed computational modeling to test the hypothesis of alpha-mediated inhibition of baseline activity.

Main Results:

Alpha oscillation power significantly covaried with the power slope of frequencies below 5 Hz, indicating that higher alpha power shortened LRD.
Temporal precedence of alpha activity changes over slope changes suggested a causal role.
A computational model incorporating power-law fluctuations and inhibition of the alpha envelope successfully replicated the empirical findings.

Conclusions:

Alpha oscillations serve as an active regulatory mechanism for long-range dependence in slow neural activity.
This regulation likely involves inhibitory processes modulated by the alpha rhythm's scale-free properties.
Understanding this interaction is crucial for comprehending how brain activity shapes internal states and cognitive functions.