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Related Concept Videos

Mass and Weight01:19

Mass and Weight

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Mass and weight are often used interchangeably in everyday conversation. For example,  medical records often show our weight in kilograms, but never in the correct units of newtons. In physics, however, there is an important distinction. Weight is the pull of the Earth on an object. It depends on the distance from the center of the Earth. Weight dramatically varies if we leave the Earth's surface, unlike mass, which does not vary with location. On the Moon, for example, the...
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Mass Analyzers: Overview01:13

Mass Analyzers: Overview

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The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...
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Echo01:06

Echo

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The human ear cannot distinguish between two sources of sound if they happen to reach within a specific time interval, typically 0.1 seconds apart. More than this, and they are perceived as separate sources.
Imagine the sound is reflected back to the ears. Assuming that the source is very close to the human, the difference between hearing the two sounds—the emitted sound and the reflected sound—may be more than the minimum time for perceiving distinct sounds. If this is the case,...
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Mass Analyzers: Common Types01:19

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Mass Spectrum: Interpretation01:24

Mass Spectrum: Interpretation

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An unknown compound can be established by identifying the molecular ion peak in the mass spectrum. The molecular ion peak is often weak or absent due to the predominance of fragmentation in high-energy electron beams. In such cases, a soft-energy electron beam can be used to scan the spectrum to enhance the intensity of the molecular ion peak. Additionally, chemical ionization, field ionization, and desorption ionization spectra are used to obtain a relatively intense molecular ion peak.To...
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Mass Spectrum01:23

Mass Spectrum

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A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...
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Echo Particle Image Velocimetry
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Echo Particle Image Velocimetry

Published on: December 27, 2012

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A mass that has no (EBUS) echo.

Matthew K Rosenblum1, Sue X Wang1, Eric J Seeley2

  • 1Division of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

Respiratory Medicine Case Reports
|November 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided needle aspiration diagnosed a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst by revealing a hypoechoic mass and yellow fluid. This case highlights EBUS and Hounsfield units in diagnosing mediastinal masses.

Keywords:
Bronchogenic cystsEndobronchial ultrasoundHounsfield units

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Radiology
  • Interventional Pulmonology

Background:

  • A patient presented with cough and shortness of breath, prompting a chest CT.
  • The CT revealed a 6 cm soft tissue mass with enlarged hilar lymph nodes and pleural effusion.

Observation:

  • Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) was performed for diagnosis.
  • The mass appeared hypoechoic on EBUS, and aspiration yielded yellow fluid.

Findings:

  • Re-evaluation of CT scans, focusing on Hounsfield Units, confirmed the diagnosis.
  • The findings indicated a mediastinal bronchogenic cyst.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the utility of Hounsfield units in mediastinal mass analysis.
  • It demonstrates the effectiveness of EBUS-guided TBNA for diagnosing and potentially treating bronchogenic cysts.