Definitive tests for dengue fever: when and which should I use?

Area of Science:

• Medical Entomology
• Infectious Diseases
• Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

• Dengue is a significant global mosquito-borne viral disease with endemic and epidemic cycles.
• Clinical judgment is often used for dengue diagnosis, but laboratory confirmation offers advantages.

Purpose of the Study:

• To discuss various dengue diagnostic methods.
• To outline the appropriate timing and use of each diagnostic test.
• To highlight the benefits of rapid point-of-care tests in primary care settings.

Main Methods:

• Review of current dengue diagnostic strategies.
• Discussion of viral detection assays (e.g., NS1 antigen).
• Evaluation of dengue serology testing.
• Assessment of rapid point-of-care tests.

Main Results:

• Viral detection methods like NS1 antigen assays are best within the first week of illness.
• Serology testing is more appropriate after the first week of symptom onset.
• Rapid point-of-care tests offer convenience and diagnostic clarity, especially in endemic regions.

Conclusions:

• Effective dengue diagnosis relies on selecting the appropriate test based on symptom onset.
• Point-of-care tests can significantly improve dengue diagnosis and management in primary care.
• Accurate diagnostics aid in epidemiological surveillance and patient education.