Constipation management in people with intellectual disability: A systematic review

Area of Science:

• Medical research
• Public health
• Intellectual disability studies

Background:

• Constipation poses significant health risks, including mortality.
• Effective management strategies for constipation in individuals with intellectual disability are crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review international research on constipation management in people with intellectual disability.
• To identify current practices and evidence-based interventions.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases (Medline, Cinahl, PsycINFO, Web of Science) from 1990 to 2017.
• Email requests and cross-citations supplemented the search.
• Studies were analyzed using a narrative review approach based on identified themes.

Main Results:

• Eighteen studies were reviewed, focusing on laxative use, interventions (dietary fiber, abdominal massage, macrogol), and staff knowledge/training.
• Laxative polypharmacy was frequently observed.
• Dietary fiber and abdominal massage showed promising results, though study quality was limited.

Conclusions:

• Laxative use is the primary approach for constipation in this population, despite limited efficacy.
• There is a need for a stronger evidence base to support individualized, integrated bowel management programs.
• Such programs may reduce constipation and related health issues in people with intellectual disability.