Current and future horizons in laryngeal and voice research

Voice dysfunction is associated with neuromuscular impairment of laryngeal control and is often difficult to diagnose by indirect examination of the larynx. The newer techniques, currently used in the UCLA-Veterans Administration Medical Center Laboratories, provide some methods that aid in the diagnosis of voice impairment by providing documented objective data. Illustrative case reports of disorders of neuromuscular dysfunction of the larynx are presented and future research needs and direction are discussed.