Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

3.1K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
3.1K
Regulation of Metabolism01:19

Regulation of Metabolism

11.8K
Cellular needs and conditions vary from cell to cell and change within individual cells over time. For example, the required enzymes and energetic demands of stomach cells are different from those of fat storage cells, skin cells, blood cells, and nerve cells. Furthermore, a digestive cell works much harder to process and break down nutrients during the time that closely follows a meal compared with many hours after a meal. As these cellular demands and conditions vary, so do the amounts and...
11.8K
Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway01:17

Role of ER in the Secretory Pathway

7.3K
Eukaryotic cells have a special pathway that enables communication between various intracellular membrane-bound compartments and also with the extracellular environment. This pathway is termed as the secretory pathway.
Components of the secretory pathway
About a third of proteins synthesized in the cell are sorted via the secretory route. They shuffle between different compartments in membrane-bound vesicles until they reach their final destination. The main intracellular compartments involved...
7.3K
Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways01:28

Insulin: The Receptor and Signaling Pathways

3.6K
Insulin action is mediated through a receptor tyrosine kinase, akin to the IGF-1 receptor. The number of receptors per cell varies significantly, from 40 on erythrocytes to 300,000 on adipocytes and hepatocytes. The insulin receptor consists of linked α/β subunit dimers, forming a heterotetramer glycoprotein with two extracellular α subunits and two β subunits spanning the membrane. The α subunits inhibit the inherent tyrosine kinase activity of the β subunits, but...
3.6K
Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction01:17

Irritable Bowel Syndrome I: Introduction

1.2K
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is characterized by functional disturbances in the gastrointestinal system, presenting a cluster of symptoms without evident structural or biochemical abnormalities. It primarily affects the large intestine and may cause abdominal pain, bloating, excessive gas, diarrhea, constipation, or both.
IBS is a chronic condition that can persist over a long period or recur frequently.
The pathogenesis of IBS involves a complex interplay of the following factors:
Altered...
1.2K
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum01:21

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

8.2K
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum or smooth ER is a sub-organelle with specialized functions in animal cells and plant cells. It is often associated with the tubule morphology of the endoplasmic reticulum.
The ER provides optimal conditions for synthesizing steroid hormones and lipids, such as phospholipids and triglycerides. Traditionally, lipid metabolism was considered to be a smooth ER function. However, there is no direct evidence to prove that rough ER is completely excluded from lipid...
8.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Alendronate for 6 or 12 months following denosumab discontinuation in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: A prospective observational study.

Journal of bone and mineral research : the official journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research·2026
Same author

Osteoporosis and osteoporosis therapies as determinants of implant fixation failure in arthroplasty and spinal fusion constructs: a position statement from the Fracture Working Group of the Council of Scientific Advisors of the International Osteoporosis Foundation.

Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA·2026
Same author

Magnesium as an endocrine modulator: physiological roles, clinical evidence, and therapeutic perspectives.

European journal of endocrinology·2026
Same author

Exploring the relationship between microplastic exposure and bone health.

Endocrine connections·2026
Same author

Romosozumab for the treatment of thalassemia-associated osteoporosis in two female patients.

JBMR plus·2026
Same author

Pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of secondary osteoporosis.

Nature reviews. Endocrinology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Precise Visualization of Insulin Receptors A and B in Murine Brain with an RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay
08:34

Precise Visualization of Insulin Receptors A and B in Murine Brain with an RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay

Published on: July 15, 2025

707

Irisin in metabolic diseases.

Stergios A Polyzos1, Athanasios D Anastasilakis2, Zoe A Efstathiadou3

  • 1First Department of Pharmacology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece. stergios@endo.gr.

Endocrine
|November 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Irisin, a hormone released during exercise, may benefit metabolic health by increasing energy expenditure. While promising in rodents, more human research is needed to confirm its effects on conditions like obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseDiabetesIrisinMyokineNonalcoholic fatty liver diseaseObesity

More Related Videos

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
09:48

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance

Published on: February 17, 2023

3.5K
Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

12.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Precise Visualization of Insulin Receptors A and B in Murine Brain with an RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay
08:34

Precise Visualization of Insulin Receptors A and B in Murine Brain with an RNA In Situ Hybridization Assay

Published on: July 15, 2025

707
Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance
09:48

Differentiated Mouse Adipocytes in Primary Culture: A Model of Insulin Resistance

Published on: February 17, 2023

3.5K
Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle
09:40

Phosphorus-31 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy: A Tool for Measuring In Vivo Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation Capacity in Human Skeletal Muscle

Published on: January 19, 2017

12.3K

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Metabolic Research
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Irisin is an exercise-induced myokine/adipokine.
  • It is proposed to promote "browning" of white adipose tissue, increasing thermogenesis and energy expenditure.
  • Irisin has been associated with various metabolic diseases, including obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), cardiovascular disease (CVD), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and metabolic bone diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of irisin's role in metabolic diseases.
  • To evaluate the association between irisin levels and various metabolic conditions in humans.
  • To assess the potential of irisin as a therapeutic target for metabolic disorders.

Main Methods:

  • Review of observational studies and clinical data on irisin levels in patients with metabolic diseases.
  • Analysis of associations between irisin and indices of adiposity, bone health, and other metabolic parameters.
  • Evaluation of conflicting data and potential confounders in existing research.

Main Results:

  • Most studies show a positive association between irisin and adiposity indices.
  • Lower irisin levels are generally reported in patients with T2DM, NAFLD, and CVD compared to controls.
  • Irisin is positively associated with bone mineral density and inversely with osteoporotic fractures, though data in PCOS are conflicting.

Conclusions:

  • Irisin is a molecule of significant pathophysiological interest.
  • It holds potential as a therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
  • Further research is essential to fully elucidate irisin's effects in humans and its clinical applications.