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Magnesium as an endocrine modulator: physiological roles, clinical evidence, and therapeutic perspectives
Andrea Palermo1,2, Anda Mihaela Naciu1, Guido Zavatta3,4
1Unit of Metabolic Bone and Thyroid Disorders, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, Rome 00128, Italy.
Context:
Magnesium deficiency is prevalent and increasingly recognized as an endocrine-relevant condition due to its involvement in hormone secretion, metabolic homeostasis, and cellular signaling.
Objective:
To review current evidence on the role of magnesium in key endocrine systems and evaluate its clinical and therapeutic implications.
Evidence Synthesis:
Magnesium influences glucose metabolism, bone health, thyroid function, reproduction, cardiometabolic regulation, and HPA axis activity. Clinical evidence shows strong associations between magnesium status and several endocrine diseases.
Conclusions:
Magnesium plays a multifaceted endocrine role with clinically significant implications. Improved diagnostic approaches and further interventional studies are warranted.
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