Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Halogens

Halogens

Group 17 elements, known as halogens, are nonmetals. At room temperature, fluorine and chlorine are gases, bromine is a liquid, and iodine a solid. Astatine is a highly unstable radioactive element, so currently, most of its properties are unknown due to its short half-life. Tennessine is a synthetic element also predicted to be in this group.

Alkyl Halides

Alkyl Halides

Structural Properties
Alkyl halides are halogen-substituted alkanes wherein one or more hydrogen atoms of an alkane is replaced by a halogen atom such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine, or iodine. The carbon atom in an alkyl halide is bonded to the halogen atom, which is sp3-hybridized and exhibits a tetrahedral shape.
Unlike alkyl halides, compounds in which a halogen atom is bonded to an sp2 -hybridized carbon atom of a carbon-carbon double bond (C=C) are called vinyl halides. Whereas aryl...

VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes

VSEPR Theory and the Basic Shapes

Overview of VSEPR Theory

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Strain-induced high Curie temperature and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in a 2D ferromagnetic FePd<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>2</sub> monolayer.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same author

Structure-Induced Spin Switching in Triple-Decker Metal-Ring-Metal Nanoclusters.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Association between lipid accumulation products and osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study based on NHANES and CHARLS.

Medicine·2026

Same author

Coupled Electronic and Structural Dynamics Enable Spin Switching in Endohedral Fullerenes.

Inorganic chemistry·2026

Same author

Transient Laser-Induced Magnetic Order and Relaxation Pathways in TiCrCT<sub>2</sub> (<i>T</i> = O, F) MXenes.

The journal of physical chemistry letters·2026

Same author

Giant orbital-magnon conversion driven perpendicular magnetization switching.

Nature communications·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Design of superhalogens using a core-shell structure model.

Zhifeng Liu¹, Xiaojuan Liu, Jijun Zhao

¹School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.

|November 25, 2017

Summary

Researchers discovered a new superhalogen, F@B12N12, using a core-shell model. This novel superhalogen exhibits high electron affinity and can be used in designing advanced materials for energy storage applications.

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Core-Shell Metal-Organic Frameworks

Published on: February 10, 2023

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Materials Science
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Superhalogens possess electron affinities exceeding those of any halogen.
They are crucial in physical chemistry and materials design, with applications in hydrogen storage and lithium-ion batteries.
II-VI/III-V cage clusters, like B12N12, exhibit unique geometries and electronic properties.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose and assess a core-shell structure model for designing novel superhalogens.
To investigate endohedral cage clusters X@B12N12 (X = F, Cl, Br) and similar systems.

Main Methods:

Ab initio calculations were employed to study the electronic properties of the designed clusters.
A core-shell structure model was utilized, inspired by known cage clusters.

Main Results:

The stable F@B12N12 cluster demonstrated a significantly large electron affinity (5.36 eV), classifying it as a novel superhalogen.
Calculations confirmed the potential of this structure as a building block for lithium salts and hyperhalogens.

Conclusions:

The study introduces a new pathway for discovering superhalogens.
The findings provide valuable building blocks for the bottom-up design of advanced materials with potential applications in energy storage.