Conceptualising forensic science and forensic reconstruction. Part I: A conceptual model

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Evidence Analysis
• Scientific Methodology

Background:

• Forensic science faces a call to return to scientific principles.
• Integrating legal requirements and research into practice and policy is crucial.
• Trace evidence analysis is central to forensic reconstruction.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present the Forensic Reconstruction Trace Evidence (FoRTE) conceptual model.
• To outline the holistic nature of trace evidence in forensic reconstruction.
• To identify components for transparent, reproducible, and robust reconstructions.

Main Methods:

• Conceptual modeling (FoRTE).
• Analysis of evidence integration from crime scene to court.
• Examination of evidence bases, interaction frameworks, and expertise in decision-making.

Main Results:

• The FoRTE model provides insights into trace evidence reconstruction.
• It highlights the importance of situating evidence within the entire forensic process.
• The model identifies interactions between different lines of evidence and expertise.

Conclusions:

• The FoRTE model aids in harnessing trace evidence value for forensic reconstruction.
• A nuanced approach combining empirical evidence and expertise is needed.
• Conceptual understanding fosters problem-solving science, enhancing transparency in forensic conclusions.