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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Ultrasound-guided Botulinum Toxin-A Injections: A Method of Treating Sialorrhea
Published on: November 9, 2016
Sonographic Guide for Botulinum Toxin Injections of the Neck Muscles in Cervical Dystonia
Bayram Kaymak1, Murat Kara1, Eda Gürçay2
1Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hacettepe University Medical School, Ankara 06100, Turkey.
Abstract:
Intramuscular botulinum toxin (BoTX) injection is the first-line treatment of cervical dystonia. Poor treatment outcomes and some side effects, however, have been reported after BoTX applications. One of the most important reasons is incorrect localization of the needle during toxin injections. Without imaging, it is impossible to verify precise needle positioning in the proper muscle. Ultrasound has been recommended because of its high capability in illustrating most of the neck muscles. This review article discusses how ultrasound imaging can be used to scan/access neck muscles, mainly from the perspective of BoTX injections.
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