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Related Concept Videos

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes01:23

Detailed Structure and Function of Lymph Nodes

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Lymph nodes are bean-shaped structures that cluster along the lymphatic vessels in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions. Each node is divided into compartments by a capsule that extends trabeculae inward.
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Lymphoid cells and tissues are integral to the immune system, which is crucial in maintaining our body's defense against harmful pathogens. They form the building blocks of lymphoid organs, which include the spleen, thymus, and lymph nodes.
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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
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A hair follicle or HF is a small part of the skin that produces the hair shaft. Paul Gerson Unna was the first to observe a bulge in the human hair follicle's outer root sheath (ORS). The bulge is present between the sebaceous gland and the arrector pili muscle and is the niche for hair follicle stem cells (HFSCs). The bulge is also a niche for melanocyte stem cells, and their loss results in graying of hair. The HFSCs express Sox9 and Lhx2, which help them maintain stemness and prevent...
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Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Generation of Lymph Node-fat Pad Chimeras for the Study of Lymph Node Stromal Cell Origin
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Lymph node stromal and vascular proliferations.

Mina L Xu1, Dennis O'Malley2

  • 1Departments of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, United States.

Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology
|November 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recognizing lymph node stromal and vascular lesions is challenging due to rarity and diagnostic complexities. This review clarifies common benign abnormalities in nodal specimens for improved identification.

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical Pathology
  • Hematopathology
  • Diagnostic Histology

Background:

  • Lymph node stromal and vascular lesions present diagnostic challenges.
  • Rarity and unfamiliarity contribute to recognition difficulties.
  • Appropriate use of ancillary studies is often problematic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight benign stromal and vascular abnormalities in lymph node specimens.
  • To improve the recognition and reporting of these lesions.
  • To provide a guide for pathologists encountering nodal abnormalities.

Main Methods:

  • Review of relevant literature on lymph node stromal and vascular lesions.
  • Compilation of key features of benign abnormalities.
  • Illustrative examples of common lesions.

Main Results:

  • Detailed description of various benign stromal lesions.
  • Identification of common benign vascular abnormalities.
  • Emphasis on differentiating benign from malignant entities.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate identification of benign stromal and vascular lesions is crucial.
  • Familiarity with these entities aids in correct diagnosis.
  • This review serves as a resource for pathologists.