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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
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Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
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Murine Model of Leukemia Relapse to Induction Chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
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New developments in immunotherapy for pediatric leukemia.

Jessica B Foster1,2, Shannon L Maude1,2

  • 1Division of Oncology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advancements in leukemia immunotherapy, including antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, are creating durable remissions for patients with relapsed or refractory disease.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Immunology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Cancer immunotherapy has rapidly advanced over the past decade.
  • Leukemia treatment has seen significant progress with novel immunotherapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in leukemia immunotherapy.
  • Focus on antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs), bi-specific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), and chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent clinical trials and FDA approvals.
  • Analysis of efficacy and toxicity of emerging immunotherapies.

Main Results:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies show high complete remission rates (up to 93%) in CD19-directed trials.
  • FDA-approved agents like blinatumomab (BiTE), inotuzumab (ADC), and gemtuzumab (ADC) are effective in relapsed settings for ALL and AML.
  • Immunotherapy has led to durable remissions in multiply relapsed and refractory leukemia patients.

Conclusions:

  • Immunotherapy offers a chance of cure for previously untreatable leukemia patients.
  • Ongoing research is refining understanding and application of these immune-based therapies.
  • Next-generation clinical trials will be shaped by current preclinical and clinical work.