Copper inter-nanoclusters distance-modulated chromism of self-assembly induced emission

Metal nanoclusters (NCs) have attracted broad attention for their molecular-like electronic structures and unique emission properties, but the difficulty in controlling emission color greatly limits their application in illumination and display. In this work, we demonstrate the capability to control the self-assembly induced emission (SAIE) of Cu NCs by modulating the inter-NC distance in the self-assembly materials, which is capable of tuning the emission color from green to red. The inter-NC distance is mainly modulated by controlling the experimental variables during the NC self-assembly, such as the species of the solvents and ligands, duration of assembly, temperature, and so forth. These experimental variables influence the balance of inter-NC weak interactions, thus altering the distance of as-assembled NCs. The variation of the inter-NC distance greatly influences the photo-physical behavior of Cu NCs, and in particular the ligand-to-Cu-Cu charge transfer, permitting the tuning of the emission color. As the Cu NCs self-assembly materials exhibit strong, stable, and color-tunable SAIE, they are employed as the color conversion materials for fabricating white light-emitting diodes.