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Related Concept Videos

Purposive Learning01:22

Purposive Learning

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E. C. Tolman emphasized the purposiveness of behavior — the idea that much of our behavior is goal-directed. For instance, employees who aim for a promotion work diligently to meet their targets. Tolman argued that when classical conditioning and operant conditioning occur, the organism acquires certain expectations. In classical conditioning, a child might fear a dog because they expect it to bite. In operant conditioning, a person might consistently work overtime because they expect a...
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Bullying02:04

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A modern form of aggression is bullying. As you learn in your study of child development, socializing and playing with other children is beneficial for children’s psychological development. However, as you may have experienced as a child, not all play behavior has positive outcomes. Some children are aggressive and want to play roughly. Other children are selfish and do not want to share toys. One form of negative social interactions among children that has become a national concern is...
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According to Charles Cooley, we base our image on what we think other people see (Cooley 1902). We imagine how we must appear to others, then react to this speculation. We don certain clothes, prepare our hair in a particular manner, wear makeup, use cologne, and the like—all with the notion that our presentation of ourselves is going to affect how others perceive us. We expect a certain reaction, and, if lucky, we get the one we desire and feel good about it. But more than that, Cooley...
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When we hold a stereotype about a person, we have expectations that he or she will fulfill that stereotype. A self-fulfilling prophecy is an expectation held by a person that alters his or her behavior in a way that tends to make it true. When we hold stereotypes about a person, we tend to treat the person according to our expectations. This treatment can influence the person to act according to our stereotypic expectations, thus confirming our stereotypic beliefs. Research by Rosenthal and...
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Hindsight Biases01:12

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Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
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Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

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Empowering students with the hidden curriculum.

Hilary Neve1, Tracey Collett1

  • 1Plymouth University, Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, School of Medicine, Plymouth, UK.

The Clinical Teacher
|November 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Revealing the hidden curriculum (HC) helps medical students understand its impact on professional development. Explicitly addressing the HC empowers students to critically analyze its messages and make informed choices.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities
10:26

Problem-Solving Before Instruction PS-I: A Protocol for Assessment and Intervention in Students with Different Abilities

Published on: September 11, 2021

4.5K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Professional Development
  • Hidden Curriculum Studies

Background:

  • The hidden curriculum (HC) encompasses informal learning outside the formal curriculum, significantly impacting medical student development.
  • While potentially beneficial, the HC can conflict with official teachings, and its existence is often concealed from students.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate an educational intervention designed to explore the concept of the hidden curriculum with medical students.
  • To assess students' understanding and perception of the hidden curriculum's influence on their professional growth.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative evaluation using thematic analysis of student wiki reflections on the HC.
  • Analysis of student questionnaire responses regarding the educational approach used.

Main Results:

  • Most students found the HC session relevant and important, identifying both positive and negative HC influences.
  • Students demonstrated an ability to consider the impact of HC experiences on their learning, though some struggled with the concept.

Conclusions:

  • Explicitly addressing the hidden curriculum raises student awareness of its existence and impact.
  • The HC can serve as a catalyst for discussing critical issues like power dynamics, patient-centeredness, and career stereotypes in medicine.
  • Empowering students to critically engage with HC experiences enables them to make conscious decisions about professional values.