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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Acute Kidney Injury VI: Nursing Management

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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) results in an inability to maintain fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base balance. Effective nursing management is critical in improving patient outcomes and includes comprehensive patient assessment and targeted interventions.Comprehensive Patient AssessmentA detailed history collection is essential, focusing on any recent infections, nephrotoxic medication use, or chronic conditions such as hypertension and diabetes that may contribute to AKI. During the physical...
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Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies01:22

Heart Failure VI: Adjunct Therapies

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Additional therapies for treating patients with heart failure (HF) may include procedural interventions, supplemental oxygen, the management of sleep disorders, and nutritional therapy.Procedural InterventionsImplantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator: For patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias due to severe left ventricular dysfunction, an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator (ICD) can detect and terminate these arrhythmias, preventing sudden cardiac death and improving survival rates.
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution01:00

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

31.3K

Hyponatremia in the elderly: challenges and solutions.

Theodosios D Filippatos1, Andromachi Makri1, Moses S Elisaf1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.

Clinical Interventions in Aging
|November 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Hyponatremia, or low serum sodium, is common in older adults due to medications and hormonal changes. This review addresses challenges in diagnosing and treating this condition in the elderly to prevent complications.

Keywords:
elderlyhypopituitarismpituitaryprognosissodium

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings
06:59

A Novel Approach for the Administration of Medications and Fluids in Emergency Scenarios and Settings

Published on: November 9, 2016

31.3K

Area of Science:

  • Geriatrics
  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Decreased serum sodium concentration (hyponatremia) is a frequent electrolyte disorder in the elderly.
  • Contributing factors include increased antidiuretic hormone, medications, and the "tea and toast" syndrome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review challenges in evaluating and treating hyponatremia in the elderly.
  • To provide practical solutions for managing this condition in older adults.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hyponatremia in the elderly.
  • Focus on diagnostic challenges, common causes (drugs, SIAD, endocrinopathies), and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Hyponatremia in the elderly is often multifactorial, commonly caused by drugs (thiazides, antidepressants), SIAD, or endocrinopathies.
  • Excluding endocrinopathies is crucial before diagnosing SIAD, requiring a stepped diagnostic approach.
  • Treatment requires careful attention to the rate of serum sodium correction to avoid osmotic demyelination syndrome.

Conclusions:

  • Evaluation and treatment of hyponatremia in the elderly present significant challenges.
  • A systematic approach is needed to identify underlying causes and manage hyponatremia safely.
  • Preventing rapid correction is vital to avoid neurological complications like osmotic demyelination syndrome.