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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

Published on: January 13, 2023

Optimizing Double-Network Hydrogel for Biomedical Soft Robots.

Hritwick Banerjee¹, Hongliang Ren¹

¹Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS) , Singapore, Singapore .

|November 29, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel double-network hydrogel as a biocompatible alternative to silicone for soft robotics. This adaptable hydrogel offers tunable mechanical properties and enhanced performance in soft pneumatic actuators.

Keywords:

biomedical soft robots endoscopy hydrogel

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Last Updated: Feb 18, 2026

Four-Dimensional Printing of Stimuli-Responsive Hydrogel-Based Soft Robots

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Robotics Engineering
Biomedical Engineering

Background:

Silicone is a common material in soft robotics but has limitations.
Hydrogels offer potential biocompatibility and customizability for soft robotic applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate a double-network hydrogel as a viable alternative to silicone for soft robotic fabrication.
To customize hydrogel properties for specific soft robotic applications.
To integrate hydrogel into soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs) and assess performance improvements.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a double-network hydrogel with standardized chemical parameters.
Characterization of hydrogel mechanical properties, including tensile strain and strength.
Integration of Agar/PAM hydrogel into a soft pneumatic actuator (SPA) design.
Evaluation of SPA performance with hydrogel components.

Main Results:

The optimized hydrogel sample exhibited a tensile strain of 851% and maximum tensile strength of 0.273 MPa.
Hydrogel elasticity and strength were customizable by altering the recipe.
SPAs fabricated with Agar/PAM hydrogel demonstrated increased range of motion, higher force output, and improved power efficiency.
The hydrogel imparted properties like low viscosity, thermos-reversibility, and ultralow elasticity to the SPAs.

Conclusions:

Double-network hydrogel is a promising, biocompatible alternative to silicone for soft robotics.
Customizable hydrogel properties allow for tailored soft robotic designs.
Agar/PAM hydrogel integration enhances SPA capabilities, paving the way for advanced biocompatible soft robots.