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Rubella control in Italy.

M L Ciofi Degli Atti1, A Filia2, M G Revello3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Rubella vaccination coverage in Italy remains suboptimal, leading to ongoing rubella circulation and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) cases. A new national plan aims to increase MMR vaccination and CRS surveillance for elimination.

Keywords:
congenital rubella syndromerubella

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Vaccinology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Rubella vaccination has been recommended in Italy since 1972, with expanded recommendations in the 1990s.
  • Suboptimal vaccination coverage (56% in 1998, 78% in 2003) persists, with significant regional disparities.
  • Rubella continues to circulate, leaving a considerable percentage of women of childbearing age susceptible (>5% in 1996).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the persistent challenge of rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) in Italy due to inadequate vaccination rates.
  • To advocate for nationwide, coordinated strategies to control and eliminate CRS.
  • To introduce the National Plan for the Elimination of Measles and of Congenital Rubella.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical rubella vaccination recommendations and coverage data in Italy.
  • Analysis of reported congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) cases (1987-1991) and ongoing local reports.
  • Description of strategies within the new national elimination plan.

Main Results:

  • Despite recommendations, vaccination coverage remains below optimal levels, facilitating rubella transmission.
  • Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) cases continue to occur, although national surveillance data has been unavailable since 1992.
  • Significant proportion of women of childbearing age remain susceptible to rubella.

Conclusions:

  • Nationwide, uniform actions are essential for effective CRS control in Italy.
  • The newly launched National Plan for the Elimination of Measles and of Congenital Rubella is crucial.
  • Key strategies include increasing MMR vaccination coverage in children and enhancing vaccination of susceptible women, alongside reintroducing CRS surveillance.