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Exteroceptive expectations modulate interoceptive processing: repetition-suppression effects for visual and heartbeat

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This study shows that repeating angry faces suppresses both internal (heartbeat-evoked potential) and external (visual evoked potential) brain signals. Expectations about stimuli amplify these repetition effects, linking internal and external sensory processing.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Science
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Interoception is the brain's awareness of internal bodily signals.
  • Repetition suppression is a neural phenomenon where repeated stimuli elicit a weaker response.
  • Understanding how external stimuli influence interoception is crucial for cognitive models.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate repetition suppression effects on both interoceptive and exteroceptive neural markers.
  • To examine if the perception and predictability of external stimuli modulate interoceptive processing.
  • To explore the relationship between neural responses to internal and external sensory information.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a repetition suppression paradigm with angry and neutral facial expressions.
  • Measured heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEP) for interoception and visual evoked potentials (VEP) for exteroception.
  • Manipulated explicit and implicit cues to form expectations about upcoming facial stimuli.

Main Results:

  • Repeating angry faces caused repetition suppression in both HEP and VEP amplitudes.
  • Repeating neutral faces led to repetition enhancement of HEP amplitude.
  • Explicit awareness of predictive cues magnified these repetition effects, with HEP suppression correlating with VEP attenuation.

Conclusions:

  • Repetition effects are evident in both interoceptive and exteroceptive neural markers.
  • Top-down, expectation-based mechanisms influence interoception.
  • External stimulus perception directly impacts interoceptive signal processing, suggesting integrated neural pathways for internal and external sensory information.