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Related Concept Videos

Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

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The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
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Pigmentation

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The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
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Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

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In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox...
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Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
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Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ
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Stimulation of Stem Cell Niches and Tissue Regeneration in Mouse Skin by Switchable Protoporphyrin IX-Dependent Photogeneration of Reactive Oxygen Species In Situ

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Antioxidants in dermatology.

Flavia Alvim Sant'anna Addor1

  • 1Private clinic - São Paulo (SP), Brazil.

Anais Brasileiros De Dermatologia
|November 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Skin cells produce free radicals, which can damage cellular structures and worsen skin diseases when the body's natural antioxidant defenses are overwhelmed. Understanding antioxidant mechanisms is crucial for safe and effective dermatological treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and cellular biology
  • Oxidative stress mechanisms in skin physiology

Background:

  • Skin cells generate reactive oxygen species (free radicals) via metabolism and external factors.
  • A physiological balance exists between free radical production and antioxidant neutralization systems.
  • Imbalances in this redox homeostasis can lead to cellular damage, impacting skin health and disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of antioxidants in managing skin conditions.
  • To investigate the safety, efficacy, and mechanisms of action of topical and oral antioxidants.
  • To provide dermatologists with knowledge for effective intervention in oxidative skin processes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on skin cell oxidative stress.
  • Analysis of antioxidant compounds for topical and oral administration.

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  • Examination of safety profiles, potential interactions, and mechanisms of action.

    • Main Results:

    • Free radicals can modify crucial cellular components like DNA and cell membranes.
    • Disruption of the antioxidant balance is linked to the initiation or exacerbation of skin diseases.
    • Limited data exists on the safety, synergistic effects, and precise mechanisms of many purported antioxidants.

    Conclusions:

    • Topical and oral antioxidants offer potential therapeutic benefits for skin conditions.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms, safety, and optimal use of antioxidants in dermatology.
    • Knowledge of antioxidant properties enables dermatologists to manage oxidative stress effectively and mitigate risks.