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Modeling the Functional Network for Spatial Navigation in the Human Brain
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Longitudinal Functional Brain Mapping in Supernormals.

Xixi Wang1, Ping Ren2, Timothy M Baran1,3

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.

Cerebral Cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991)
|November 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Successful cognitive aging involves specific brain activity patterns. A "Supernormal map" of brain regions resistant to neurodegeneration predicts cognitive health and is linked to Alzheimer's disease biomarkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Aging Research
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Preventing age-related cognitive decline is crucial.
  • Understanding biological models of successful cognitive aging is gaining attention.
  • Identifying neural markers of cognitive resilience is important.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify brain regions associated with successful cognitive aging.
  • To investigate if these regions are resistant to neurodegeneration.
  • To determine if these regions predict cognitive change and Alzheimer's pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to examine resting-state brain regional low-frequency oscillations.
  • Participants included older adults with excellent cognition (Supernormals), normative cognition, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease.
  • Statistical analyses identified a unique
  • Supernormal map
  • and assessed its predictive power and correlations.

Main Results:

  • A distinct
  • Supernormal map
  • of brain regions (including right fusiform gyrus, right middle frontal gyrus, right anterior cingulate cortex, left middle temporal gyrus, left precentral gyrus, and left orbitofrontal cortex) showed resistance to aging-associated neurodegeneration.
  • This map uniquely identified Supernormals and differentiated them from other groups.
  • The map predicted 1-year global cognitive change (Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores) and correlated with Alzheimer's pathophysiological features (beta-amyloid/pTau ratio).

Conclusions:

  • The identified
  • Supernormal map
  • represents brain regions crucial for successful cognitive aging.
  • These regions may reflect inherent neural integrity or adaptive reorganization in the face of aging.
  • Findings offer insights into neural mechanisms underlying cognitive resilience and potential therapeutic targets.