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Related Concept Videos

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

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Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
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Integrins01:10

Integrins

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Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
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Selectins01:25

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Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain,...
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Activation of Integrins01:15

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Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding...
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Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

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Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
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Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions01:20

Cell Adhesion Molecules - Types and Functions

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Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are pivotal to multicellularity and the coordinated functioning of tissues and organ systems. They enable physical interactions between cells and provide mechanical strength to tissues. They also function as receptors for signal transmission across the plasma membrane. The CAMs are broadly classified into four families - integrins, cadherins, selectins, and immunoglobulin-like CAMs (IgCAMs).
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Author Spotlight: Development of a Method for Identifying Small Molecular Antagonists of &#946;2 Integrin Activation
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Blood cell integrins and diseases.

Liisa Uotila, Terhi Savinko, Carla Guenther

    Duodecim; Laaketieteellinen Aikakauskirja
    |December 1, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Integrins are cell adhesion molecules crucial for blood cell function. Certain integrin variants increase Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) risk, and their role in autoimmune diseases necessitates careful drug development due to potential adverse effects.

    Area of Science:

    • Cellular Biology
    • Immunology
    • Hematology

    Background:

    • Integrins are cell surface adhesion molecules vital for cell-to-endothelium interactions, particularly in blood cells.
    • Defects in integrin function lead to severe health conditions.
    • Specific integrin variants are linked to an elevated risk of developing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore the role of integrins in autoimmune diseases and post-organ transplantation scenarios.
    • To investigate the implications of integrin function in leukocyte-mediated attacks on host tissues.
    • To review the development and potential adverse effects of antibody-based integrin inhibitors.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of scientific literature on integrin function in health and disease.

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  • Analysis of the role of integrins in immune responses and transplantation.
  • Examination of therapeutic strategies targeting integrin pathways.

    • Main Results:

    • Integrins mediate rapid adhesion of blood cells to the endothelium.
    • Certain integrin variants are associated with increased SLE susceptibility.
    • Integrins are implicated in autoimmune reactions and transplant rejection.

    Conclusions:

    • Integrin function is critical in immune-mediated conditions like SLE and transplant rejection.
    • Antibody-based drugs targeting integrins are used therapeutically but carry risks of adverse effects.
    • Further research is needed to balance therapeutic benefits with potential integrin inhibitor side effects.