Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs
18:46

Methods Development for Blood Borne Macrophage Carriage of Nanoformulated Antiretroviral Drugs

Published on: December 9, 2010

13.7K

Optimizing Research to Speed Up Availability of Pediatric Antiretroviral Drugs and Formulations

Martina Penazzato1, Devasena Gnanashanmugam2, Pablo Rojo3,4

  • 1HIV Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America
|December 1, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Developing pediatric antiretroviral (ARV) drugs for children with HIV requires faster, more efficient research and development. Innovations are needed to improve global access to safe and effective pediatric HIV treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmaceutical Development
  • Global Health

Background:

  • 1.8 million children globally live with HIV, but only 51% of eligible children receive treatment.
  • Pediatric antiretroviral (ARV) drug research and development (R&D) significantly lags behind adult drug development.
  • Ensuring access to safe, effective, and well-tolerated pediatric ARVs is crucial for global treatment scale-up.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current R&D approaches for pediatric ARVs.
  • To propose innovations for simplified, accelerated, and comprehensive strategies in pediatric ARV formulation development.
  • To highlight the need for sustainable financing and strengthened partnerships in pediatric drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing R&D strategies for pediatric antiretrovirals.
  • Identification of potential innovations and best practices for formulation development.
  • Analysis of challenges in pediatric drug development and scale-up.

Main Results:

  • Current R&D processes for pediatric ARVs are lengthy and inefficient.
  • Prioritizing specific formulations and early integration of pediatric investigation plans can expedite development.
  • Sustainable financing and strengthened collaborations are essential for progress.

Conclusions:

  • Innovations in R&D are necessary to accelerate the development of optimal pediatric ARV formulations.
  • Lessons learned from HIV drug development can inform pediatric formulations for other diseases like tuberculosis and viral hepatitis.
  • Streamlined R&D mechanisms and sustainable funding are critical for improving global pediatric treatment access.

Keywords:
HIVantiretroviralschildrenformulationsresearch

More Related Videos

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

18.5K
An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings19:57

An Affordable HIV-1 Drug Resistance Monitoring Method for Resource Limited Settings

Published on: March 30, 2014

19.4K

Related Concept Videos

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
284
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
324
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
337
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
257
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure...
20
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the...
49.8K