Tumor-Targeted Accumulation of Ligand-Installed Polymeric Micelles Influenced by Surface PEGylation Crowdedness

With respect to the intriguing biocompatibility and the stealthy functions of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG), PEGylated nanoparticulates have been intensively engineered for utilities as drug delivery vehicles. To advocate the targeted drug transportation, targeting ligands were strategically installed onto the surface of PEGylated nanoparticulates. The previous in vitro investigations revealed that the ligand-specified cell endocytosis of nanoparticulates was pronounced for the nanoparticulates with adequately high PEG crowdedness. The present study aims to explore insight into the impact of PEGylation degree on in vivo tumor-targeted accumulation activities of cRGD-installed nanoparticulates. The subsequent investigations verified the importance of the PEGylation crowdedness in pursuit of prolonged retention in the blood circulation post intravenous administration. Unprecedentedly, the PEGylation crowdedness was also identified as a crucial important parameter to pursue the tumor-targeted accumulation. A plausible reason is the elevated PEGylation crowdedness eliciting the restricted involvement in nonspecific protein adsorption of nanoparticulates in the biological milieu and consequently pronouncing the ligand-receptor-mediated binding for the nanoparticulates. Noteworthy was the distinctive performance of the class of the proposed systems once utilized for transportation of the mRNA payload to the tumors. The protein expression in the targeted tumors appeared to follow a clear PEGylation crowdedness dependence manner, where merely 2-fold PEGylation crowdedness led to remarkably 10-fold augmentation in protein expression in tumors. Hence, the results provided important information and implications for design of active-targeting PEGylated nanomaterials to fulfill the targeting strategies in systemic applications.