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Related Concept Videos

Control Systems01:10

Control Systems

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Control systems are everywhere in contemporary society, influencing diverse applications from aerospace to automated manufacturing. These systems can be found naturally within biological processes, such as blood sugar regulation and heart rate adjustment in response to stress, as well as in man-made systems like elevators and automated vehicles. A control system is essentially a network of subsystems and processes that collaboratively convert specific inputs into desired outputs.
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Zones of Protection01:16

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In power systems, the entire setup is divided into protective zones to isolate faults and protect the rest of the network. These zones include generators, transformers, buses, transmission lines, distribution lines, and motors. Each zone can be visualized as a separate room in a house, with each room protected by its own circuit breaker.
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Network Function of a Circuit01:25

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Frequency response analysis in electrical circuits provides vital insights into a circuit's behavior as the frequency of the input signal changes. The transfer function, a mathematical tool, is instrumental in understanding this behavior. It defines the relationship between phasor output and input and comes in four types: voltage gain, current gain, transfer impedance, and transfer admittance. The critical components of the transfer function are the poles and zeros.
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Control Systems: Applications01:25

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Electrical engineering plays a pivotal role in our daily lives, with control systems at the heart of many applications, from home appliances to sophisticated space shuttles. Control systems manage and regulate the behavior of devices and processes, ensuring they function safely, correctly, and efficiently.
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Hierarchy of Motor Control01:18

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The hierarchy of motor control refers to the different levels of organization and processing involved in controlling movement in the body. These levels range from higher cortical areas involved in planning and decision-making to lower spinal cord reflexes that respond automatically to external stimuli.
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Power system distribution involves delivering electrical energy from power plants to consumers through a network of transmission and distribution systems. The process begins at power plants, where energy from coal, gas, nuclear, water, and wind is converted into electrical energy. These plants use three-phase generators, typically rated between 50 to 1300 MVA, with terminal voltages ranging from a few kV to 20 kV, depending on the size and age of the units.
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Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
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Control networks and hubs.

Caterina Gratton1, Haoxin Sun2, Steven E Petersen1,3,4,5,6,7

  • 1Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.

Psychophysiology
|December 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Executive control functions involve multiple brain networks interacting across regions. Functional connectivity and graph theory reveal how these networks, including specialized hubs, support goal-directed behavior and inform research on executive function disorders.

Keywords:
cognitive controlexecutive controlfMRIfunctional connectivitynetworks

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Systems Neuroscience

Background:

  • Executive control functions are critical for goal-directed behavior.
  • These functions are supported by distributed large-scale brain networks involving frontal, parietal, cingulate, and insular regions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) functional connectivity elucidates the organization of executive control networks.
  • To explore the interaction mechanisms between control networks and other brain regions using graph theoretical concepts.
  • To present evidence for dissociable control networks with distinct functional properties.

Main Methods:

  • Review of fMRI functional connectivity studies.
  • Analysis of fMRI task activation studies.
  • Examination of lesion studies.
  • Application of graph theoretical concepts to network interactions.

Main Results:

  • Convergent evidence supports the existence of multiple dissociable executive control networks.
  • Graph theory illuminates mechanisms of cross-network interactions mediated by specialized hub regions.
  • Large-scale network perspective provides neurobiological constraints on executive control.

Conclusions:

  • A large-scale network perspective is crucial for understanding the neural underpinnings of executive control.
  • This perspective will guide future research in basic and translational neuroscience of executive function and its disorders.