Event-triggered pinning control on projective-lag synchronization of coupled switched delayed networks under DoS attacks

In industrial network applications, drive-response systems may encounter issues such as denial-of-service attacks, communication delays and parameter switching, which can even undermine their stability or synchronization. However, few effective methods currently exist to address the synchronization problem of switched systems under the coupled influence of these practical factors. Based on this, this paper proposes a novel event-triggered pinning impulsive controller to achieve projective lag synchronization for driving-response coupled switched delayed neural networks (CSDNNs) subject to DoS attacks. Firstly, according to the communication delay and security of switched neural networks, a more general CSDNN model with communication delays and DoS attacks is constructed. Secondly, an efficient event-triggered pinning impulsive controller is established by considering the influence of network scale and control cost. It is worth mentioning that periodic event sampling and continuous event sampling are adopted depending on whether DoS attacks occur, which can effectively avoid Zeno behavior and reduce the control cost. Hence, by introducing a proper Lyapunov-Krasovskii function, the synchronization problems of the pinned nodes and the others for the CSDNNs are respectively discussed and sufficient conditions are obtained under certain assumptions. Meanwhile, the coupling relations among some nodes can be eliminated to increase the network's flexibility according to the pinning control. Finally, the proposed synchronization theory is verified through numerical simulations and a robotic arm experiment, demonstrating its efficacy in addressing real-world automation challenges under network constraints and security threats, thereby bridging the gap between theory and practice.