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Updated: Feb 17, 2026

An R-Based Landscape Validation of a Competing Risk Model
Published on: September 16, 2022
Stochastic modelling of non-stationary financial assets
Joana Estevens1, Paulo Rocha1, João P Boto1
1Departamento de Matemática and Centro de Matemática e Aplicações Fundamentais, Faculdade de Ciências, University of Lisbon, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.
Abstract:
We model non-stationary volume-price distributions with a log-normal distribution and collect the time series of its two parameters. The time series of the two parameters are shown to be stationary and Markov-like and consequently can be modelled with Langevin equations, which are derived directly from their series of values. Having the evolution equations of the log-normal parameters, we reconstruct the statistics of the first moments of volume-price distributions which fit well the empirical data. Finally, the proposed framework is general enough to study other non-stationary stochastic variables in other research fields, namely, biology, medicine, and geology.
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