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Techniques for the Evolution of Robust Pentose-fermenting Yeast for Bioconversion of Lignocellulose to Ethanol
Published on: October 24, 2016
Xylose transport in yeast for lignocellulosic ethanol production: Current status
Nilesh Kumar Sharma1, Shuvashish Behera2, Richa Arora1
1Biochemical Conversion Division, Sardar Swaran Singh National Institute of Bio-Energy, Kapurthala 144601, Punjab, India; I. K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144601, Punjab, India.
Abstract:
Lignocellulosic ethanol has been considered as an alternative transportation fuel. Utilization of hemicellulosic fraction in lignocelluloses is crucial in economical production of lignocellulosic ethanol. However, this fraction has not efficiently been utilized by traditional yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetically modified S. cerevisiae, which can utilize xylose, has several limitations including low ethanol yield, redox imbalance, and undesired metabolite formation similar to native xylose utilizing yeasts. Besides, xylose uptake is a major issue, where sugar transport system plays an important role. These genetically modified and wild-type yeast strains have further been engineered for improved xylose uptake. Various techniques have been employed to facilitate the xylose transportation in these strains. The present review is focused on the sugar transport machineries, mechanisms of xylose transport, limitations and how to deal with xylose transport for xylose assimilation in yeast cells. The recent advances in different techniques to facilitate the xylose transportation have also been discussed.
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