Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 17, 2026

An Appetitive Spatial Working Memory Task for Mice in a Semi-Automated 8-Arm Radial Maze, Reducing Fearful Memory Association in the Maze
Published on: July 29, 2025
Rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) remember agency information from past events and integrate this knowledge with
Megan L Hoffman1, Michael J Beran2, David A Washburn2
1Department of Psychological Science, University of North Georgia, 3820 Mundy Mill Road, Oakwood, GA, 30566, USA. megan.hoffman@ung.edu.
Abstract:
The purpose of the present study was to examine whether rhesus monkeys remember information about their own agency-along with spatial, temporal and contextual properties-from a previously experienced event. In Experiment 1, rhesus monkeys (n = 4) used symbols to reliably indicate whether they had performed or observed an event on a computer screen. In Experiment 2, naïve and experienced monkeys (n = 8) reported agency information when stringent controls for perceptual and proprioceptive cues were included. In Experiment 3, five of the monkeys completed a task in which they reported agency information along with spatial and temporal features of events. Two monkeys performed this agency discrimination when they could not anticipate which memory test they would receive. There was also evidence that these features were integrated in memory. Implications of this research are discussed in relation to working memory, episodic memory and self-awareness in nonhuman animals.
Related Concept Videos
Role of Hippocampus in Memory
Working Memory
Role of Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex in Memory
Storage
Long-Term Memory
Long-term memory can be categorized into two primary types: explicit and implicit memory. Explicit memory, also known as declarative memory, involves the conscious recollection of information that we deliberately try to remember, recall, and articulate. This type of memory encompasses specific facts, events, and...
Role of Amygdala in Memory
One of the...

