Congenital arhinia - First published case in Malaysia

Area of Science:

• Craniofacial Malformations
• Neonatal Respiratory Physiology

Background:

• Congenital arhinia is a rare craniofacial defect characterized by the absence of the nose.
• It can lead to significant upper airway obstruction and respiratory distress in newborns.
• Early diagnosis and management are crucial for affected infants.

Observation:

• A case of congenital arhinia was diagnosed post-delivery in Malaysia.
• The infant presented with severe upper airway obstruction.
• The neonate demonstrated adaptability to oral breathing prior to surgical intervention.

Findings:

• The patient, the first reported case in Malaysia, adapted to oral breathing, challenging the obligate nasal breathing assumption in neonates.
• An elective tracheostomy was performed on the fourth day of life due to respiratory compromise.
• This case underscores the variability in neonatal respiratory adaptation.

Implications:

• This case expands the understanding of congenital arhinia presentations and neonatal respiratory adaptation.
• It highlights the importance of individualized respiratory support in neonates with craniofacial anomalies.
• Further research into the long-term outcomes and management strategies for congenital arhinia is warranted.