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Organization of the Brain

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex

Large-scale Three-dimensional Imaging of Cellular Organization in the Mouse Neocortex

Published on: September 5, 2018

Large-Scale Gradients in Human Cortical Organization.

Julia M Huntenburg¹, Pierre-Louis Bazin², Daniel S Margulies³

¹Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy & Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstrasse 1a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; Neurocomputation and Neuroimaging Unit, Department of Education and Psychology, Free University of Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

|December 6, 2017

Summary

A major gradient organizes the human cerebral cortex, linking sensorimotor and transmodal regions. This spatial arrangement provides an intrinsic coordinate system for understanding brain function and structure.

Keywords:

cortical organization functional hierarchy gradient intrinsic coordinate system spatial arrangement

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Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Human Brain Mapping
Computational Neuroscience

Background:

Recent advancements in mapping cortical areas offer new avenues for studying brain organization.
The spatial arrangement of cortical areas is crucial for understanding brain function.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify and describe a dominant organizational principle within the human cerebral cortex.
To propose an intrinsic coordinate system based on this organizational principle.
To explore how this framework can enhance our understanding of cortical function.

Main Methods:

Analysis of human brain cortical mapping data.
Identification of gradients in cortical features.
Development of an intrinsic coordinate system based on observed gradients.

Main Results:

A dominant gradient spanning sensorimotor to transmodal areas was identified.
This gradient represents a core organizing axis of the human cerebral cortex.
An intrinsic coordinate system was established based on this gradient.

Conclusions:

The identified gradient provides a fundamental organizing principle for the human cerebral cortex.
Utilizing this intrinsic coordinate system can deepen our understanding of the relationship between cortical structure and function.
This framework offers insights into how diverse cortical functions arise from underlying structural constraints.