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Colloids and Suspensions

Colloids and Suspensions

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity in Fluid

Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
Surface tension is crucial to capillarity. It results from cohesive forces between liquid molecules at the liquid-air boundary, forming a skin that resists external forces. When the capillary tube...

Colloids

Colloids

Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

Rise of Liquid in a Capillary Tube

When very thin cylindrical tubes, called capillaries, are dipped in a liquid, the liquid rises or falls in the tube compared to the surrounding liquid. This phenomenon is called capillary action. Capillary action occurs due to the combination of two opposing forces: the cohesive forces of the liquid, which cause it to stick to itself and form a rounded shape, and the adhesive forces between the liquid and the walls of the container, which cause the liquid to be attracted to the container walls.

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation

Capillary electrophoresis instrumentation typically consists of several key components. A high-voltage power supply generates the electric field necessary for the separation by connecting to an anode (the positively charged electrode) and a cathode (the negatively charged electrode) located in buffer reservoirs at each end of the capillary tube. The system includes a sample vial, a fused silica capillary tube coated with polyimide for mechanical strength through which the sample components...

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary Electrophoresis: Applications

Capillary electrophoretic separations offer various modes, each with unique applications. These modes include capillary zone electrophoresis, capillary gel electrophoresis, capillary array electrophoresis, capillary isoelectric focusing, capillary isotachophoresis, micellar electrokinetic chromatography, and capillary electrochromatography.
Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) separates ionic components based on their electrophoretic mobility. It has been used to separate proteins, amino acids,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release

Published on: July 4, 2017

Thermally Responsive Capillary Suspensions.

Anupam A K Das¹, Timothy S Dunstan¹, Simeon D Stoyanov^2,3,4

¹School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences (Chemistry), University of Hull , Hull HU6 7RX, U.K.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|December 7, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers created temperature-responsive materials using capillary suspensions. These smart materials change properties with temperature, offering potential in personal care, food, and pharmaceuticals.

Keywords:

agarose calcium carbonate capillary structuring capillary suspension methyl cellulose thermally responsive hydrogels

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Last Updated: Feb 17, 2026

Magnetic and Thermal-sensitive PolyN-isopropylacrylamide-based Microgels for Magnetically Triggered Controlled Release

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Published on: July 4, 2017

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Published on: September 9, 2022

Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures

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Published on: May 20, 2014

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Colloid and Surface Chemistry

Background:

Capillary-structured materials are formed from particles bridged by a liquid phase.
Controlling the rheology of these suspensions is crucial for applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop stimulus-responsive capillary-structured materials.
To investigate temperature-controlled rheological changes in these materials.

Main Methods:

Forming capillary suspensions with hydrophobized calcium carbonate particles in silicone oil, bridged by a hydrogel aqueous phase.
Incorporating thermally responsive polymers (methyl cellulose, agarose) into the aqueous phase.
Analyzing rheological properties (complex modulus, yield stress) as a function of temperature.

Main Results:

Inclusion of methyl cellulose led to a significant increase in viscosity and structural strength with rising temperature due to gelation.
Using agarose resulted in a decrease in viscosity and structural strength upon heating, as the agarose melted.
Rheology could be tuned with as little as 0.1 w/w % of the secondary aqueous phase.

Conclusions:

Thermally responsive capillary suspensions can be effectively engineered by incorporating gelling agents into the bridging liquid.
These materials exhibit significant, reversible changes in rheology with temperature variations.
Potential applications include smart home products, personal care, and controlled release systems in food and pharmaceuticals.